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Objective To analyze the causes of surgical errors and complications of lumbar degenerative diseases treated by transforaminal endoscopic spine system(TESSYS),and explore the treatment and prevention measures.Methods From July 2012 to January 2016,the data of 660 patients with lumbar degenerative diseases who treated with TESSYS were analyzed retrospectively,of which 528 patients were lumbar disc herniation with 192 cases of single segment(L4/L5) and 336 cases of multi-segment.Lumbar spinal stenosis in 132 cases,were lateral recess and nerve root canal stenosis.Surgical errors and complications were recorded,and analyzed the reasons and the treatment and preventive measures.Results Intraoperative errors:1 case of sterile film with the dilating catheter went into the surgical area;1 case with wire fracture,and stump retention in vivo;for discography staining,the proportion of mixed solution was not enough,the leakage of excess concentration of methylene blue caused caudal nerve injury in 3 cases;expansion of the intervertebral foramen,the drilling part of the articular process was too deep and too close to the medial wall of the articular process,which caused cutting injury of nerve fiber sheath in 2 cases;after the rupture of the dura mater,the rinse solution was perfused,caused bloating,elevated intracranial pressure,elevated blood pressure and other symptoms of spinal cord hypertension in 3 cases;low dose of local anesthetic into the blood caused toxic reaction in 2 cases;total spinal cord anesthesia with paravertebral nerve root block in 1 case.Postoperative complications:3 cases of nerve root edema;2 cases of free nucleus pulposus tissue;2 cases of local hematoma led to nerve root compression;1 case of intervertebral space infection and 3 cases of local skin neuritis in the puncture area.Conclusion In the process of intervertebral foramen surgery,there are some deficiency on instruments or operating skill.Therefore,rigorous treatment of each link in the perioperative period,is the guarantee of successful surgery.
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OBJECTIVE:To improve the synthesis technology of sodium picosulfate. METHODS:The synthesis technology of sodium picosulfate was improved by changing reaction solvent,charging sequence,refined method and formation of crystal water. Using phenol as raw material,it was condensed with 2-pyridinecarboxaldehyde to achieve 4,4′-(pyridin-2-ylmethylene)diphenol, and its yield rate was investigated. Sodium picosulfate was obtained after esterification,salification,formation of crystal water, and then its purity was determined. RESULTS:The yield rate of key intermediate 4,4′-(pyridin-2-ylmethylene) diphenol reached above 88%,and the purity of refined products reached over 99.5%. Sodium picosulfate monohydrate was stable,and the content of single impurity was less than 0.1%. CONCLUSIONS:The improved technology is simple with mild conditions,and suitable for large-scale production.
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1:16) of the relative serum antibody has been observed in 80%, while none of this high level was observed in patients with Echovirus-25 and adenovirus dermatitis (